MD MD - Doctor of Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology Questions and Answers 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States?
- Cervical cancer
- Ovarian cancer
- Endometrial (uterine) cancer (Correct answer)
- Vulvar cancer
Correct answer: Endometrial (uterine) cancer
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the US, typically presenting with postmenopausal uterine bleeding.
Question 2: Placenta previa (placenta overlying the internal os) is best diagnosed by:
- Digital cervical examination
- Transabdominal ultrasound
- Transvaginal ultrasound (Correct answer)
- Pelvic MRI
Correct answer: Transvaginal ultrasound
Transvaginal ultrasound is the gold standard for diagnosing placenta previa, providing accurate measurement of the placental edge-to-internal os distance.
Question 3: HELLP syndrome is characterized by which triad of findings?
- Hypertension, Edema, Low protein
- Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets (Correct answer)
- High hematocrit, Elevated LDH, Low potassium
- Hyperglycemia, Elevated lipids, Low albumin
Correct answer: Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets
HELLP syndrome is defined by Hemolysis (microangiopathic), Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets (<100,000/μL) — a life-threatening complication of preeclampsia.
Question 4: Which of the following is NOT a normal physiologic change during pregnancy?
- Increased cardiac output by 40-50%
- Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (Correct answer)
- Expanded plasma volume by 40-50%
- Decreased systemic vascular resistance
Correct answer: Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
GFR increases by 40-60% in normal pregnancy due to increased renal plasma flow; a decreased GFR would be abnormal and suggests renal pathology.
Question 5: The Bishop score is used clinically to assess:
- Fetal lung maturity
- Cervical favorability for labor induction (Correct answer)
- Risk of gestational diabetes
- Placental function and fetal well-being
Correct answer: Cervical favorability for labor induction
The Bishop score evaluates cervical dilation, effacement, station, consistency, and position to predict the likelihood of successful labor induction.
Question 6: The standard US screening approach for gestational diabetes at 24-28 weeks gestation is:
- Fasting plasma glucose alone
- HbA1c measurement
- Two-step: 50g GCT then 100g OGTT if abnormal (Correct answer)
- Random plasma glucose
Correct answer: Two-step: 50g GCT then 100g OGTT if abnormal
The two-step approach — a 1-hour 50g glucose challenge test followed by a 3-hour 100g OGTT if the screen is positive — is the standard US method for GDM screening.
MD MD - Doctor of Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology Questions and Answers 2
What is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States?