Life Sciences Flashcards

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Answer: Mitochondrion

The mitochondrion produces ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for the cell.

What is the process by which green plants make food using sunlight?

Answer: Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

DNA carries the genetic code. What are the four bases of DNA?

Answer: A, T, G and C

DNA bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). Uracil replaces thymine only in RNA.

In humans, which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Answer: Arteries

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, usually under high pressure. Veins return blood to the heart.

Which part of the human eye controls the amount of light entering it?

Answer: Iris

The iris adjusts the size of the pupil to control how much light enters the eye.

Natural selection was proposed as a mechanism of evolution by which scientist?

Answer: Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism driving evolution in 'On the Origin of Species'.

Which gas is taken in by humans during breathing and used in cellular respiration?

Answer: Oxygen

Oxygen is taken in and used to release energy from glucose during aerobic cellular respiration.

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

Answer: The cell

The cell is the smallest unit that can carry out all the processes of life.