Mandela Effect Quiz Professional Standards & Ethics 5

Question 1

When should a scientific paper be retracted?

Accepted Answer

When its findings are shown to be unreliable due to error or misconduct

Answer

Retraction corrects the literature when serious errors, fabrication, or misconduct invalidate results.

Question 2

Which practice most directly reduces p-hacking in memory research?

Accepted Answer

Pre-registering hypotheses and analysis plans

Answer

Pre-registration commits researchers to analyses in advance, limiting selective reporting.

Question 3

Why does the replication crisis matter for how Mandela Effect studies are communicated?

Accepted Answer

Findings should be presented with appropriate caution until replicated

Answer

Responsible communicators note that unreplicated results are tentative.

Question 4

A researcher is funded by a company selling 'memory-boosting' supplements. What is the ethical obligation?

Accepted Answer

Hide the funding to avoid bias claims

Answer

Disclosure lets readers judge potential bias in the research.

Question 5

Source monitoring errors help explain Mandela Effect cases because people may do what?

Accepted Answer

Misattribute where a memory or belief originated

Answer

Confusing imagined, inferred, or secondhand information with direct experience is a source-monitoring error.

Mandela Effect Quiz Practice Test