LVN Nutrition & Diet Therapy 5

Question 1

A patient with nephrotic syndrome requires increased intake of which nutrient to compensate for urinary losses?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Answer

Nephrotic syndrome causes massive proteinuria, so adequate protein intake is needed to replace urinary protein losses and maintain oncotic pressure.

Question 2

The LVN is educating a patient about the DASH diet for hypertension management. Which food pattern is consistent with DASH diet principles?

Accepted Answer

Rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy

Answer

The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy while limiting sodium and saturated fat.

Question 3

Which finding is characteristic of scurvy, a vitamin C deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Bleeding gums and perifollicular hemorrhages

Answer

Vitamin C is required for collagen synthesis; deficiency causes weakened blood vessel walls, resulting in bleeding gums and skin hemorrhages.

Question 4

A patient with phenylketonuria (PKU) must restrict which amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Phenylalanine

Answer

PKU is caused by a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, so phenylalanine must be restricted to prevent neurotoxic accumulation.

Question 5

The LVN is providing dietary teaching to a patient taking an MAOI antidepressant. Which food must be STRICTLY avoided?

Accepted Answer

Aged cheeses and cured meats

Answer

Aged cheeses and cured meats contain tyramine, which can cause a hypertensive crisis when MAOIs prevent its breakdown.

(LVN) Licensed Vocational Nurses Certification Practice Test

(LVN) Licensed Vocational Nurses Certification Practice Test

LVN Nutrition & Diet Therapy 5