LVN Nutrition & Diet Therapy 2

Question 1

A patient with chronic kidney disease is placed on a renal diet. Which nutrient restriction is MOST critical to prevent hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Answer

Potassium restriction is essential in CKD because impaired kidneys cannot excrete potassium, leading to dangerous hyperkalemia.

Question 2

Which vitamin deficiency is MOST commonly associated with night blindness?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin A (retinol) is essential for rhodopsin production in rod cells, and its deficiency causes night blindness.

Question 3

A patient receiving tube feedings develops diarrhea. Which action should the LVN take FIRST?

Accepted Answer

Check the osmolality of the formula

Answer

High-osmolality formulas draw fluid into the bowel and commonly cause osmotic diarrhea, so checking the formula is the priority assessment.

Question 4

Which type of fat is MOST associated with increasing LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular disease risk?

Accepted Answer

Trans fat

Answer

Trans fats raise LDL (bad) cholesterol and lower HDL (good) cholesterol, significantly increasing cardiovascular disease risk.

Question 5

A postoperative patient is advancing from NPO to a clear liquid diet. Which item is appropriate to offer?

Accepted Answer

Gelatin dessert

Answer

Clear liquid diets include foods that are liquid at room temperature and leave minimal residue, such as gelatin, broth, and apple juice.

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