Pharmacology & Medication Administration Flashcards

An LVN is administering a subcutaneous injection of insulin. At what angle should the needle be inserted for a patient with average adipose tissue?

Answer: Either 45 or 90 degrees depending on tissue depth

For subcutaneous injections, a 45-degree angle is used for thin patients and 90 degrees for patients with adequate adipose tissue.

Which adverse effect is most associated with long-term corticosteroid use?

Answer: Osteoporosis

Chronic corticosteroid therapy inhibits calcium absorption and bone formation, leading to osteoporosis over time.

A patient is prescribed a nitroglycerin patch for angina. The LVN knows to rotate application sites to prevent:

Answer: Both A and B

Rotating nitroglycerin patch sites prevents both skin irritation from prolonged contact and development of nitrate tolerance.

What does the abbreviation 'PRN' mean in a medication order?

Answer: As needed

PRN stands for 'pro re nata,' a Latin term meaning 'as needed,' indicating the medication is given based on patient need.

A patient taking metformin for type 2 diabetes is scheduled for a contrast dye procedure. The LVN anticipates the metformin will be:

Answer: Held before and after the procedure

Metformin is held before iodinated contrast procedures and withheld for 48 hours after due to the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy and lactic acidosis.

Which observation indicates a therapeutic response to a bronchodilator like albuterol?

Answer: Decreased respiratory rate and improved breath sounds

A therapeutic response to albuterol includes improved airflow, indicated by decreased respiratory rate and clearer breath sounds.

Which electrolyte imbalance is a common side effect of loop diuretics such as furosemide?

Answer: Hypokalemia

Loop diuretics cause increased excretion of potassium in the urine, leading to hypokalemia.