LSP Research Methods & Statistics 2

Question 1

What is effect size and why is it important beyond p-values?

Accepted Answer

A measure of the magnitude of a treatment effect or relationship, indicating practical significance beyond statistical significance

Answer

While p-values indicate whether an effect exists, effect sizes (like Cohen's d or r) tell you how large the effect is. A statistically significant result can have a trivially small effect size with a large enough sample.

Question 2

What is a control group in experimental research?

Accepted Answer

A group that does not receive the experimental treatment, serving as a baseline for comparison

Answer

The control group provides a baseline against which the experimental group's outcomes are compared, allowing researchers to attribute differences to the independent variable rather than extraneous factors.

Question 3

What is internal validity in research?

Accepted Answer

The degree to which an experiment demonstrates that the independent variable caused changes in the dependent variable

Answer

Internal validity reflects confidence that observed effects are truly caused by the independent variable and not by confounding variables, measurement error, or other threats to the experimental design.

Question 4

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative uses numerical data and statistical analysis; qualitative uses non-numerical data like interviews and observations to understand experiences

Answer

Quantitative research tests hypotheses using numerical data and statistics. Qualitative research explores phenomena in depth through interviews, observations, and thematic analysis, providing rich contextual understanding.

Question 5

What is the APA's ethical requirement regarding deception in research?

Accepted Answer

Deception is permitted only when no alternative exists, the study has significant value, and participants are debriefed as soon as possible

Answer

APA ethics allow deception only when the study cannot be conducted otherwise, the potential findings justify it, participants are not deceived about significant risks, and thorough debriefing occurs afterward.

(LSP) Licensed Specialist in Psychology Certification Practice Test

(LSP) Licensed Specialist in Psychology Certification Practice Test

LSP Research Methods & Statistics 2