1. A
Agoraphobia involves fear and avoidance of places where escape may be difficult, consistent with the client’s supermarket avoidance.

2. B
CBT aims to change maladaptive thought patterns to influence emotional and behavioral outcomes.

3. A
Rapport-building is essential in the initial intake process to establish trust and facilitate accurate assessment.

4. B
Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle of avoiding harm.

5. B
Confidentiality can be breached when there is imminent risk of harm to others.

6. B
Cultural humility is about openness, respect, and lifelong learning, rather than mastery.

7. B
Person-Centered Therapy (Carl Rogers) emphasizes unconditional positive regard.

8. A
The Beck Depression Inventory is a widely used measure for depression.

9. A
Motivational Interviewing is an evidence-based approach for relapse prevention in substance use disorders.

10. B
Countertransference refers to the counselor’s emotional reactions to the client.

11. A
Expressions of worthlessness and hopelessness raise concern for suicidal ideation.

12. B
Trauma-informed care prioritizes safety, trust, and empowerment.

13. D
Failing to obtain informed consent violates the ethical principle of informed practice.

14. B
Prolonged Exposure Therapy is an evidence-based treatment for PTSD.

15. A
Group cohesiveness is strongly correlated with positive group outcomes.

16. B
SFBT emphasizes client strengths and building solutions rather than problems.

17. B
The DSM-5 provides a classification system for diagnosing mental disorders.

18. C
In the preparation stage, the client intends to act within 30 days.

19. A
Construct validity ensures that a test measures the theoretical concept it is intended to.

20. B
Romantic relationships with clients are unethical boundary violations.

21. A
Eclectic therapy integrates techniques from multiple approaches.

22. B
HIPAA protects the privacy of medical and counseling records.

23. B
Client safety is always the first priority in crisis intervention.

24. B
A suicide risk assessment is the appropriate immediate response.

25. A
Person-Centered Therapy emphasizes the drive toward self-actualization.

26. A
Self-efficacy refers to the belief in one’s ability to solve problems and achieve goals.

27. B
Family therapy focuses on interpersonal dynamics and systemic patterns.

28. A
The MMPI-2 is designed to assess personality and psychopathology.

29. B
Support groups are for clients with common concerns, such as addiction recovery.

30. A
Motivational Interviewing emphasizes empathy and collaboration.

31. A
REBT identifies irrational beliefs as the cause of emotional distress.

32. B
Informed consent is a primary ethical requirement in research.

33. B
Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.