LPC Career Development Theories 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In Holland's hexagonal model, which two types are considered most psychologically dissimilar (opposite on the hexagon)?
- Realistic and Investigative
- Artistic and Conventional
- Social and Realistic (Correct answer)
- Enterprising and Investigative
Correct answer: Social and Realistic
Social and Realistic types are opposite on Holland's hexagon, representing the greatest degree of psychological dissimilarity.
Question 2: Lofquist and Dawis's Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) predicts that tenure (remaining in a job) is a function of:
- Salary level and promotion opportunities
- Both satisfaction and satisfactoriness (Correct answer)
- Skill level and educational attainment
- Personality congruence with the work environment alone
Correct answer: Both satisfaction and satisfactoriness
TWA predicts that tenure depends on both the worker being satisfied with the job and the employer finding the worker satisfactory.
Question 3: A client from a collectivist cultural background feels torn between her own career interests and her family's expectations. Which career theory best addresses this tension?
- Holland's Typology Theory
- Cultural formulation through Contextual Action Theory
- Super's Archway Model considering multiple life roles (Correct answer)
- Parsons's Trait-and-Factor Theory
Correct answer: Super's Archway Model considering multiple life roles
Super's Life-Space model explicitly addresses multiple roles (family, worker, citizen) and how they interact, making it useful for clients navigating family expectations.
Question 4: Savickas's Career Construction Theory views career adaptability as comprising four dimensions. Which set correctly identifies all four?
- Curiosity, Confidence, Concern, Consultation
- Concern, Control, Curiosity, Confidence (Correct answer)
- Commitment, Clarity, Competence, Confidence
- Concern, Cooperation, Creativity, Competence
Correct answer: Concern, Control, Curiosity, Confidence
Savickas identified four career adapt-abilities: Concern (future orientation), Control (responsibility), Curiosity (exploration), and Confidence (self-efficacy).
Question 5: Frank Parsons's Trait-and-Factor approach is often considered the foundation of career counseling. Its third step involves:
- Accurate self-knowledge
- Knowledge of the world of work
- True reasoning about the relations of these two groups of facts (Correct answer)
- Identifying the client's Holland code
Correct answer: True reasoning about the relations of these two groups of facts
Parsons's three-step model concludes with 'true reasoning'—logical analysis of how the individual's traits match occupational requirements.
Question 6: Which career development concept describes the idea that people tend to seek environments that match their personality type and avoid those that do not?
- Congruence (Correct answer)
- Consistency
- Differentiation
- Identity
Correct answer: Congruence
Congruence in Holland's theory refers to the fit between a person's personality type and their work environment type.
Question 7: A counselor notices a client's Holland profile is very 'flat' (all six scales score similarly high). This is best described as low:
- Congruence
- Consistency
- Differentiation (Correct answer)
- Identity
Correct answer: Differentiation
Differentiation refers to the degree to which one or a few RIASEC types are elevated over others; a flat profile indicates low differentiation and may complicate career decision-making.
LPC Career Development Theories 4
In Holland's hexagonal model, which two types are considered most psychologically dissimilar (opposite on the hexagon)?