Social and Cultural Diversity Flashcards

A counselor refuses to work with a client whose values around gender roles conflict with the counselor's personal beliefs. According to the ACA Code of Ethics, the counselor should:

Answer: Only refer when the referral is not based on the counselor's personal values alone

ACA guidelines specify that counselors cannot refer solely based on personal values; referrals must be based on clinical or competence considerations, not discrimination.

The 'minority stress model' developed by Meyer explains that LGBTQ+ individuals experience higher rates of mental health problems primarily due to:

Answer: Chronic stress arising from stigma, prejudice, and discrimination

Meyer's minority stress model attributes elevated mental health challenges in LGBTQ+ populations to external, socially-based stressors like stigma, discrimination, and internalized homophobia.

When working with an older adult client, a culturally competent LPC should be aware that ageism may manifest as:

Answer: Dismissing the client's concerns as normal aging rather than treatable conditions

Ageism in counseling can lead to under-diagnosis and under-treatment when clinicians attribute psychological symptoms to normal aging rather than treatable disorders.

A client with a disability expresses frustration that society views them as limited by their condition. This perspective aligns most closely with:

Answer: The social model of disability

The social model of disability holds that barriers are created by societal structures and attitudes rather than by the individual's impairment itself.

Which of the following is an example of institutional racism?

Answer: Lending policies that systematically deny mortgages to applicants in predominantly minority neighborhoods

Institutional racism refers to policies and practices within organizations and systems that produce racially inequitable outcomes, regardless of individual intent.

When assessing a client from a culture where somatic complaints are the primary expression of psychological distress, the LPC should:

Answer: Recognize somatization as a culturally accepted idiom of distress and explore it therapeutically

In many cultures, psychological distress is expressed somatically, and culturally competent counselors recognize this as a culturally valid idiom rather than pathologizing it.

The concept of 'cultural humility,' as distinguished from cultural competence, emphasizes:

Answer: An ongoing self-reflective process of examining one's own biases and power dynamics with clients

Cultural humility, coined by Tervalon and Murray-García, is a lifelong commitment to self-reflection and redressing power imbalances, rather than achieving cultural 'expertise.'