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Research and Program Evaluation Flashcards

7 cards from real LPC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Research and Program Evaluation flashcards as text

  1. A counselor researcher uses purposive sampling. This means participants were selected because:

    Answer: They possess specific characteristics relevant to the research question

    Purposive sampling intentionally selects participants based on particular characteristics or experiences relevant to the study's purpose.

  2. Which statistic is MOST appropriate when a researcher wants to examine the relationship between two continuous variables, such as number of counseling sessions and score on a depression scale?

    Answer: Pearson product-moment correlation

    Pearson correlation is designed to measure the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two continuous variables.

  3. The concept of 'bracketing' in phenomenological research requires the researcher to:

    Answer: Set aside personal biases and assumptions before analyzing participants' experiences

    Bracketing (epoché) asks the phenomenological researcher to consciously suspend prior knowledge and assumptions to encounter the phenomenon as described by participants.

  4. An LPC evaluating a career counseling program finds that participants who chose to enroll scored higher on pre-test motivation than those who did not. This is BEST described as:

    Answer: Selection bias threatening internal validity

    Selection bias occurs when pre-existing differences between groups—not the intervention—may explain outcome differences, threatening internal validity.

  5. A researcher calculates Cronbach's alpha of 0.87 for a new counseling self-efficacy scale. This value PRIMARILY indicates:

    Answer: Items on the scale are internally consistent with one another

    Cronbach's alpha is a measure of internal consistency reliability, reflecting the degree to which scale items correlate with each other.

  6. In evidence-based practice, a counselor integrating research evidence with clinical expertise and client values is following which model?

    Answer: The APA evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP) model

    The EBPP model explicitly calls for integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient characteristics, values, and preferences.

  7. A counselor researcher finds that 15% of participants dropped out of the study before completion. The MAIN concern this raises is:

    Answer: Attrition bias, which may make the remaining sample unrepresentative

    Attrition (participant dropout) threatens internal validity because those who leave may differ systematically from those who remain, biasing results.