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Research and Program Evaluation Flashcards

7 cards from real LPC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Research and Program Evaluation flashcards as text

  1. Which of the following BEST describes the concept of internal validity in counseling research?

    Answer: The confidence that the independent variable caused the observed changes

    Internal validity refers to the degree of confidence that the independent variable, not extraneous factors, caused the observed outcomes.

  2. A counselor researcher uses grounded theory. This approach is characterized by:

    Answer: Developing theory inductively from systematically collected and analyzed data

    Grounded theory is a qualitative methodology in which theory is developed inductively from data through systematic collection and constant comparative analysis.

  3. When evaluating a counseling program, which measure would BEST indicate cost-effectiveness?

    Answer: Outcomes achieved per dollar spent on the program

    Cost-effectiveness analysis compares program outcomes relative to the financial resources expended to determine value.

  4. In single-subject research, an A-B-A-B design is preferred over an A-B design because it:

    Answer: Provides stronger evidence that the intervention caused the change

    The A-B-A-B design strengthens causal inference by demonstrating that behavior changes occur and reverse in alignment with the introduction and withdrawal of the intervention.

  5. A researcher administers the same scale to participants twice within one week and calculates a correlation of 0.91. This PRIMARILY assesses:

    Answer: Test-retest reliability

    Test-retest reliability measures the temporal stability of a scale by correlating scores from two administrations of the same instrument over a short interval.

  6. Which of the following represents a Type II error in hypothesis testing?

    Answer: Failing to detect a true effect because the study was underpowered

    A Type II error (false negative) occurs when a researcher fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false, often due to insufficient statistical power.

  7. A program evaluation uses a logic model. The MAIN purpose of a logic model is to:

    Answer: Illustrate the theoretical linkages between program inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes

    A logic model visually maps the causal chain connecting a program's resources and activities to its intended short- and long-term outcomes.