Human Growth and Development Flashcards

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system refers to the connections and interactions between microsystem settings, such as the relationship between home and school?

Answer: Mesosystem

The mesosystem represents the interactions and connections between two or more microsystem settings, such as the relationship between a child's family and school.

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the 'social contract' orientation is found at which level?

Answer: Postconventional level

The social contract orientation is Stage 5 of Kohlberg's model, located at the postconventional level, where moral reasoning is based on shared rights and democratic principles.

Which theorist proposed that identity versus role confusion is the primary developmental task of adolescence?

Answer: Erik Erikson

Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory places identity vs. role confusion as the central developmental task of adolescence (ages 12-18).

The concept of 'object permanence,' the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight, is achieved during which of Piaget's stages?

Answer: Sensorimotor stage

Object permanence develops during the sensorimotor stage (birth to approximately 2 years), typically around 8-12 months of age.

Which developmental concept describes the range of tasks a learner can accomplish with guidance from a more skilled partner but cannot yet perform independently?

Answer: Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) describes the gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with assistance.

A key principle of adult development theory, as proposed by Levinson, is that adult development is characterized by:

Answer: Alternating stable structure-building periods and transitional periods

Levinson's theory of adult development describes alternating stable periods (structure-building) and transitional periods (structure-changing) across the adult life course.