Career Development Theories Flashcards

In Holland's hexagonal model, which two types are considered most psychologically dissimilar (opposite on the hexagon)?

Answer: Social and Realistic

Social and Realistic types are opposite on Holland's hexagon, representing the greatest degree of psychological dissimilarity.

Lofquist and Dawis's Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) predicts that tenure (remaining in a job) is a function of:

Answer: Both satisfaction and satisfactoriness

TWA predicts that tenure depends on both the worker being satisfied with the job and the employer finding the worker satisfactory.

A client from a collectivist cultural background feels torn between her own career interests and her family's expectations. Which career theory best addresses this tension?

Answer: Super's Archway Model considering multiple life roles

Super's Life-Space model explicitly addresses multiple roles (family, worker, citizen) and how they interact, making it useful for clients navigating family expectations.

Savickas's Career Construction Theory views career adaptability as comprising four dimensions. Which set correctly identifies all four?

Answer: Concern, Control, Curiosity, Confidence

Savickas identified four career adapt-abilities: Concern (future orientation), Control (responsibility), Curiosity (exploration), and Confidence (self-efficacy).

Frank Parsons's Trait-and-Factor approach is often considered the foundation of career counseling. Its third step involves:

Answer: True reasoning about the relations of these two groups of facts

Parsons's three-step model concludes with 'true reasoning'—logical analysis of how the individual's traits match occupational requirements.

Which career development concept describes the idea that people tend to seek environments that match their personality type and avoid those that do not?

Answer: Congruence

Congruence in Holland's theory refers to the fit between a person's personality type and their work environment type.

A counselor notices a client's Holland profile is very 'flat' (all six scales score similarly high). This is best described as low:

Answer: Differentiation

Differentiation refers to the degree to which one or a few RIASEC types are elevated over others; a flat profile indicates low differentiation and may complicate career decision-making.