A country's constitution states that 'all citizens are equal before the law.' Parliament then passes a law granting tax exemptions only to religious organizations. Which legal concept is most directly relevant to a challenge against this law?
-
A
Ultra vires — Parliament has exceeded its statutory authority
-
B
Horizontal direct effect — the constitutional right applies between private parties
-
C
Inconsistency with constitutional equality provisions — the exemption creates unjustified differential treatment
-
D
The rule against bias — the law was passed by interested legislators