LMSW Human Development Theories 2

Question 1

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, the 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) refers to:

Accepted Answer

The gap between what a child can do alone and with guidance

Answer

Tasks a child can complete independently

Answer

The maximum cognitive potential a child will ever reach

Answer

Skills learned through operant conditioning

Question 2

In Kohlberg's moral development theory, which stage involves following rules to avoid punishment?

Accepted Answer

Obedience and punishment orientation

Answer

Social contract orientation

Answer

Universal ethical principles

Answer

Good interpersonal relationships

Question 3

Margaret Mahler's theory of separation-individuation describes the 'rapprochement' subphase as a period when the toddler:

Accepted Answer

Returns to the mother after exploring, seeking reassurance

Answer

First recognizes the mother as a separate person

Answer

Achieves full emotional object constancy

Answer

Begins symbiotic fusion with the caregiver

Question 4

Daniel Levinson's theory of adult development emphasizes that transitions between life eras typically last approximately:

Accepted Answer

4–5 years

Answer

1–2 years

Answer

3–5 years

Answer

10 years

Question 5

A social worker using Bronfenbrenner's ecological model would assess which system when examining how a client's parents' work schedule affects the child's school performance?

Accepted Answer

Exosystem

Answer

Microsystem

Answer

Mesosystem

Answer

Macrosystem

Question 6

According to object relations theory, 'splitting' is a defense mechanism where the individual:

Accepted Answer

Divides people or self into all-good or all-bad categories

Answer

Represses conflicting feelings entirely

Answer

Projects unwanted feelings onto others

Answer

Identifies with the aggressor

Question 7

Jean Piaget's concept of 'conservation' typically develops during which stage?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational

Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Formal operational