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Counseling Research and Program Evaluation Flashcards

6 cards from real LMHC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Counseling Research and Program Evaluation flashcards as text

  1. In quantitative research, 'statistical significance' (p < .05) means:

    Answer: There is less than a 5% probability that the results occurred by chance

    Statistical significance (p < .05) means there is less than a 5% probability the results are due to chance — but does not indicate clinical or practical significance.

  2. Which qualitative research approach is most focused on understanding the lived experiences of individuals as they experience a specific phenomenon?

    Answer: Phenomenology

    Phenomenology specifically aims to understand the subjective, lived experience of a phenomenon from the perspectives of those who have experienced it.

  3. A counselor reads a meta-analysis reporting an average effect size of d = 0.80 for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating depression. According to Cohen's (1988) conventions, this effect size is:

    Answer: Large

    Cohen's conventions for Cohen's d: small = 0.2, medium = 0.5, large = 0.8. A d of 0.80 indicates a large effect size.

  4. The concept of 'trustworthiness' in qualitative research is analogous to which concept in quantitative research?

    Answer: Validity and reliability

    Lincoln and Guba proposed four trustworthiness criteria — credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability — as qualitative equivalents to validity and reliability.

  5. An Institutional Review Board (IRB) reviews research proposals primarily to:

    Answer: Protect the rights and welfare of human research participants

    IRBs were established by the National Research Act (1974) in response to research abuses (e.g., Tuskegee) to protect human participants' rights, safety, and welfare.

  6. A counselor wants to evaluate the effectiveness of a new trauma-focused group therapy program. Which research design would BEST demonstrate that changes in outcomes are due to the program rather than other factors?

    Answer: Randomized controlled trial with a waitlist control group

    An RCT with a waitlist control group compares participants receiving treatment to comparable participants not yet receiving it, controlling for confounding factors and establishing internal validity.