Human Growth and Development Flashcards

A teenager who adopts their parents' religious beliefs without questioning them is in which of Marcia's identity statuses?

Answer: Identity foreclosure

Foreclosure occurs when a person commits to an identity without exploring alternatives, often adopting parental values unquestioningly.

According to Bowlby's attachment theory, the 'internal working model' is best defined as:

Answer: A cognitive schema of self, others, and relationships formed from early attachment experiences

Internal working models are mental representations of self and others derived from early attachment relationships that guide future relational expectations.

Which developmental theorist emphasized that personality development continues throughout the entire lifespan?

Answer: Erik Erikson

Erikson's psychosocial theory spans eight stages from infancy to late adulthood, emphasizing lifelong personality development.

A counselor is working with a child who has been diagnosed with reactive attachment disorder. This diagnosis is most directly linked to:

Answer: Failure to form selective attachments due to severely disrupted early caregiving

Reactive attachment disorder results from severe neglect or abuse in early childhood that prevents normal attachment bond formation.

The 'goodness of fit' concept in child development refers to:

Answer: The compatibility between a child's temperament and the demands and expectations of their environment

Goodness of fit describes how well a child's temperamental characteristics align with environmental demands, affecting developmental outcomes.

Which of the following best exemplifies Piaget's concept of 'accommodation'?

Answer: A child modifies their schema of 'bird' after learning that penguins cannot fly

Accommodation occurs when new information cannot fit existing schemas, causing the schemas to change or new ones to form.

Havighurst's developmental tasks theory proposes that each life stage presents specific tasks that, if mastered, lead to:

Answer: Happiness and success with later tasks

Havighurst believed successful mastery of age-appropriate developmental tasks leads to happiness and preparation for later challenges.