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Human Growth and Development Flashcards

7 cards from real LMHC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Human Growth and Development flashcards as text

  1. A counselor notices that a 4-year-old client understands that a ball of clay rolled into a snake still has the same amount of clay. This indicates the child has developed:

    Answer: Conservation

    Conservation is the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape, typically emerging during Piaget's concrete operational stage.

  2. Carol Gilligan critiqued Kohlberg's moral development theory primarily because:

    Answer: It was biased toward male perspectives and undervalued care-based reasoning

    Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's model, based on male samples, undervalued the ethic of care more common in women's moral reasoning.

  3. Which of the following best describes 'scaffolding' in educational and developmental contexts?

    Answer: Providing temporary, adjustable support to help a learner accomplish tasks beyond their independent ability

    Scaffolding, derived from Vygotsky's work, involves providing support that is gradually withdrawn as the learner gains competence.

  4. During which Freudian psychosexual stage does the Oedipus complex occur?

    Answer: Phallic stage

    The Oedipus complex, involving unconscious attraction to the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent, occurs during the phallic stage (ages 3–6).

  5. A client in their 60s describes feeling a deep sense of satisfaction reviewing their life accomplishments. According to Erikson, this person is successfully navigating:

    Answer: Integrity vs. despair

    Ego integrity vs. despair is Erikson's final stage, in which older adults reflect on their lives and experience either peace or regret.

  6. Which attachment style is most associated with a caregiver who is inconsistently responsive—sometimes attentive, sometimes neglectful?

    Answer: Anxious-ambivalent attachment

    Anxious-ambivalent (resistant) attachment develops when caregivers are inconsistent, causing the child to be uncertain about the caregiver's availability.

  7. The concept of 'epigenetics' in human development refers to:

    Answer: Changes in gene expression caused by environmental factors without altering DNA sequence

    Epigenetics examines how environmental experiences can switch genes on or off, affecting development without changing the underlying DNA sequence.