Foundational Concepts & Principles Flashcards

Which of the following best describes 'mura' in the Lean framework?

Answer: Unevenness or irregularity in workload

Mura refers to unevenness or variability in production flow, which leads to waste and inefficiency.

In Lean thinking, what is the primary purpose of a Value Stream Map (VSM)?

Answer: To visualize the flow of materials and information to identify waste

A VSM provides a visual representation of all steps in a process to expose non-value-adding activities.

The Lean principle of 'establish pull' is best illustrated by which scenario?

Answer: A downstream process signals upstream to produce only what is needed

Pull systems are triggered by actual downstream demand, preventing overproduction.

Which Lean concept describes the total elapsed time from customer order to delivery?

Answer: Lead time

Lead time measures the complete duration from when an order is placed until the customer receives it.

What does the Lean principle of 'seek perfection' primarily encourage organizations to do?

Answer: Continuously eliminate waste through ongoing incremental improvement

Seeking perfection means Lean is never finished — organizations continuously identify and remove waste.

In a Lean context, 'motion waste' refers to:

Answer: Unnecessary physical movement by workers that does not add value

Motion waste involves unnecessary body movements such as bending, reaching, or walking that don't contribute to value.

Which statement accurately distinguishes 'value-added' from 'non-value-added' activities in Lean?

Answer: Value-added activities transform the product in ways customers are willing to pay for; non-value-added do not

The customer's willingness to pay is the defining test — activities that change form, fit, or function of the product in ways customers value are value-added.