Define and Measure Phases Flashcards
7 cards from real Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Certification practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Define and Measure Phases flashcards as text
During the Measure phase, a team discovers that operators were trained differently, causing measurement bias. Which MSA study specifically assesses whether a gauge produces different readings at different parts of its measurement range?
Answer: Linearity study
Linearity analysis evaluates whether the gauge's bias is consistent across its operating range by comparing bias at low, mid, and high reference values.
In a DMAIC project charter, the 'business case' section primarily answers which question?
Answer: Why is solving this problem important to the organization?
The business case articulates the strategic and financial importance of the project to justify resource allocation and leadership support.
A team creates a detailed process map and identifies a step where product sits idle for 3 hours. Using Lean terminology, what type of waste is this?
Answer: Waiting
Idle time between process steps is classified as 'Waiting' waste (one of the 8 wastes in Lean), which adds no value to the product.
Which sampling method divides the population into subgroups and randomly selects samples from each subgroup proportionally?
Answer: Stratified random sampling
Stratified random sampling ensures representation from all relevant subgroups (strata), reducing sampling error and improving estimate precision.
A process mean is exactly centered between the upper and lower specification limits. If the process standard deviation is σ, and the spec width is 12σ, what is the Cpk?
Answer: 2.0
When centered, Cpk = Cp = (USL − LSL) / (6σ) = 12σ / 6σ = 2.0, indicating an extremely capable process.
A team collects baseline data and finds the process is not normally distributed. Which capability index is most appropriate when the distribution is skewed?
Answer: Ppk using non-normal transformation or percentile method
When data is non-normal, Ppk calculated after a Box-Cox transformation or using the percentile method provides a valid capability estimate.
In the Define phase, a team's problem statement should NOT include which of the following?
Answer: Proposed root cause or solution
A good problem statement describes WHAT is wrong without presupposing WHY or HOW to fix it — solutions belong in later DMAIC phases.