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Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Flashcards

7 cards from real LEAB practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Deductive and Inductive Reasoning flashcards as text

  1. All robbery suspects must be interviewed before being released. Jones is a robbery suspect. Which conclusion is MOST logically supported?

    Answer: Jones must be interviewed before being released

    The universal rule applies to all members of the category, and Jones belongs to that category, so the rule applies directly to him.

  2. If a building has been broken into, at least one point of entry will show signs of forced access. Investigators found no signs of forced access at the warehouse. What can be concluded?

    Answer: The warehouse was not broken into

    The contrapositive of 'if break-in then forced entry' is 'if no forced entry then no break-in,' which applies here.

  3. The suspect either entered through the front door or the back window. Forensic evidence confirms the front door was not used. What conclusion logically follows?

    Answer: The suspect entered through the back window

    When one of two mutually exclusive options is ruled out by evidence, the other must be true.

  4. If Officer Reyes is working the night shift, his patrol car will be in the parking lot. His patrol car is not in the lot. What can be concluded?

    Answer: Officer Reyes is not working the night shift

    Modus tollens: if P implies Q and Q is false, then P must be false.

  5. No officer may carry a department-issued firearm without completing annual qualification. Detective Park has not completed annual qualification. What logically follows?

    Answer: Detective Park may not carry a department-issued firearm

    The universal prohibition applies to all officers; Detective Park falls under that rule and cannot carry the firearm.

  6. Whenever there is a large crowd, pickpockets operate. Whenever pickpockets operate, officers must deploy undercover agents. There is a large crowd downtown. What must follow?

    Answer: Officers must deploy undercover agents downtown

    Chaining the two conditional rules—crowd leads to pickpockets, pickpockets require undercover agents—forces the conclusion.

  7. It is false that all witnesses at the scene were uncooperative. What can be concluded?

    Answer: At least one witness at the scene was cooperative

    Negating the universal statement 'all were uncooperative' yields the existential claim that at least one was not uncooperative.