Constitutional and Case Law Flashcards

Miranda warnings are required when a suspect is subjected to what two conditions?

Answer: Custody and interrogation

Miranda v. Arizona requires warnings only when a person is both in custody and subject to interrogation.

Under the 'public safety' exception in New York v. Quarles, officers may question a suspect without Miranda warnings when what is at stake?

Answer: An immediate threat to public or officer safety

Quarles permits limited pre-warning questioning when there is an immediate danger to public safety, such as locating a discarded weapon.

If a suspect unambiguously invokes the right to counsel during interrogation, officers must do what?

Answer: Cease interrogation until counsel is present

Edwards v. Arizona requires that all interrogation stop once a suspect clearly requests an attorney.

Routine booking questions like name and address are generally exempt from Miranda because they are not what?

Answer: Interrogation designed to elicit incriminating responses

Pennsylvania v. Muniz recognized a booking exception because basic biographical questions are not interrogation aimed at incrimination.

A valid Miranda waiver must be made how?

Answer: Knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently

A waiver of Miranda rights is valid only if it is made knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently.

In Berghuis v. Thompkins, the Court held that to invoke the right to remain silent, a suspect must do what?

Answer: Unambiguously assert the right

Berghuis held that the right to silence must be invoked unambiguously; mere silence does not invoke it.

Miranda is grounded primarily in which constitutional protection?

Answer: Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination

Miranda warnings protect the Fifth Amendment privilege against compelled self-incrimination.