Laboratory Science Clinical Chemistry 2

Question 1

Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with cardiac arrhythmias?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia or hyperkalemia

Answer

Hyponatremia

Answer

Hypochloremia

Answer

Hypocalcemia only

Question 2

What does an anion gap calculation help identify?

Accepted Answer

Cause of metabolic acidosis (distinguishing gap from non-gap acidosis)

Answer

Type of hemoglobin disorder

Answer

Severity of respiratory alkalosis

Answer

Degree of dehydration

Question 3

Which pancreatic enzyme is elevated in acute pancreatitis and peaks within 24 hours of onset?

Accepted Answer

Amylase (rises faster but falls sooner)

Answer

Lipase only

Answer

Trypsin

Answer

Elastase

Question 4

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation used for in clinical chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Relating blood pH to bicarbonate and dissolved CO₂ concentration

Answer

Calculating osmolality

Answer

Determining protein binding of drugs

Answer

Calculating creatinine clearance

Question 5

Elevated serum bilirubin causing jaundice can be differentiated into pre-hepatic, hepatic, and post-hepatic types by measuring:

Accepted Answer

Direct (conjugated) vs. indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin fractions

Answer

Total protein and albumin

Answer

ALT and AST ratio

Answer

Bile acid levels only

Question 6

Which lipoprotein fraction is considered 'good cholesterol' due to its cardioprotective role?

Accepted Answer

HDL (high-density lipoprotein)

Answer

LDL (low-density lipoprotein)

Answer

VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein)

Answer

Chylomicrons