Kubernetes Container Orchestration Monitoring and Logging 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which Kubernetes resource allows you to define alerting rules based on Prometheus metrics?
- PrometheusRule (Correct answer)
- AlertPolicy
- MetricAlert
- RuleSet
Correct answer: PrometheusRule
PrometheusRule is a custom resource definition (CRD) used by the Prometheus Operator to define alerting and recording rules.
Question 2: What does the `kubectl top nodes` command display?
- CPU and memory usage of nodes (Correct answer)
- Disk I/O per node
- Network bandwidth per node
- Pod count per node
Correct answer: CPU and memory usage of nodes
`kubectl top nodes` shows the current CPU and memory resource consumption for each node in the cluster.
Question 3: In Kubernetes, which component is responsible for collecting and serving resource metrics used by HPA?
- Metrics Server (Correct answer)
- kube-state-metrics
- cAdvisor
- Prometheus
Correct answer: Metrics Server
Metrics Server aggregates resource usage data from kubelets and exposes it via the Kubernetes Metrics API for HPA and `kubectl top`.
Question 4: Which log driver is commonly used when running Kubernetes nodes to forward container logs to a centralized system?
- json-file
- fluentd (Correct answer)
- syslog
- journald
Correct answer: fluentd
Fluentd is a widely used log driver and DaemonSet-based agent that collects and forwards container logs to backends like Elasticsearch.
Question 5: What is the purpose of kube-state-metrics in a Kubernetes monitoring setup?
- Exposes metrics about the state of Kubernetes objects (Correct answer)
- Collects container CPU and memory metrics
- Provides node-level disk usage stats
- Aggregates logs from all namespaces
Correct answer: Exposes metrics about the state of Kubernetes objects
kube-state-metrics listens to the Kubernetes API and generates metrics about the state of objects like Deployments, Pods, and Nodes.
Question 6: Which field in a Pod spec controls which log output streams are captured by `kubectl logs`?
- stdout and stderr of the container process (Correct answer)
- The /var/log directory inside the container
- A dedicated log volume
- The container's syslog socket
Correct answer: stdout and stderr of the container process
Kubernetes captures logs written to stdout and stderr of the container's main process and makes them available via `kubectl logs`.
Question 7: When using Grafana with Prometheus in Kubernetes, what is the primary role of a Grafana datasource?
- It defines the connection to Prometheus for querying metrics (Correct answer)
- It stores historical metric data
- It generates alert notifications
- It scrapes metrics from pods directly
Correct answer: It defines the connection to Prometheus for querying metrics
A Grafana datasource configures the connection endpoint and credentials for Grafana to query Prometheus (or other backends) for metric data.
Kubernetes Container Orchestration Monitoring and Logging 2
Which Kubernetes resource allows you to define alerting rules based on Prometheus metrics?