KS2 SATs KS2 Science Extended 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the difference between mass and weight?
- They are exactly the same
- Mass is the amount of matter in an object (measured in kg); weight is the gravitational force on that mass (measured in N) (Correct answer)
- Weight is measured in kg; mass in Newtons
- Mass changes depending on location; weight does not
Correct answer: Mass is the amount of matter in an object (measured in kg); weight is the gravitational force on that mass (measured in N)
Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is constant wherever you are (measured in kg). Weight is the gravitational force acting on that mass and varies with gravity (measured in Newtons). On the Moon, you'd weigh less but have the same mass.
Question 2: What is the function of the small intestine?
- To produce stomach acid
- To absorb digested nutrients into the bloodstream (Correct answer)
- To absorb water from waste
- To break down food physically
Correct answer: To absorb digested nutrients into the bloodstream
The small intestine is where most digestion is completed and where the nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the bloodstream. It is very long and lined with villi to maximise absorption.
Question 3: Which planet is the largest in our solar system?
- Saturn
- Earth
- Neptune
- Jupiter (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Jupiter
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, with a diameter of about 139,820 km — over 11 times wider than Earth. It is a gas giant and has at least 95 known moons.
Question 4: What is the scientific word for a change in speed or direction of motion?
- Velocity
- Gravity
- Acceleration (Correct answer)
- Friction
Correct answer: Acceleration
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity (speed in a given direction). An object accelerates when it speeds up, slows down (decelerates), or changes direction. Force causes acceleration (Newton's Second Law).
Question 5: What type of energy is stored in food and fuel?
- Kinetic energy
- Chemical energy (Correct answer)
- Sound energy
- Light energy
Correct answer: Chemical energy
Food and fuel store chemical energy. When food is digested or fuel is burned, chemical energy is released and converted to other forms (e.g., heat, kinetic). This is why calories measure the chemical energy in food.
Question 6: What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
- To eat other animals
- To produce food using sunlight
- To break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil (Correct answer)
- To photosynthesise
Correct answer: To break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil
Decomposers (bacteria and fungi) break down dead organic matter — plants and animals — into simpler substances. This returns vital nutrients to the soil, which plants can then absorb. They are crucial to nutrient cycling.
KS2 SATs KS2 Science Extended 2
What is the difference between mass and weight?