KCNA Monitoring and Logging 5

Question 1

When using Grafana with Loki as a data source, which query language is used to filter and search logs?

Accepted Answer

LogQL

Answer

LogQL is Loki's query language, inspired by PromQL, used to filter log streams by labels and search log content using line filters.

Question 2

What is the primary purpose of cAdvisor in a Kubernetes node?

Accepted Answer

Collect resource usage and performance metrics for running containers

Answer

cAdvisor (Container Advisor) is embedded in the kubelet and collects CPU, memory, filesystem, and network usage metrics for containers running on the node.

Question 3

What does 'cardinality' mean in the context of Prometheus metrics, and why does high cardinality matter?

Accepted Answer

The total number of unique label value combinations for a metric

Answer

Cardinality is the number of unique time series created by all combinations of label values; high cardinality can exhaust Prometheus memory and degrade performance.

Question 4

In Kubernetes, what happens to a pod's logs after the pod is deleted?

Accepted Answer

Logs are permanently lost unless a log aggregation system collected them

Answer

When a pod is deleted, its log files on the node are garbage collected, so logs must be shipped to an external system before deletion to be retained.

Question 5

Which OpenTelemetry component acts as a central agent that receives, processes, and exports telemetry data from multiple sources?

Accepted Answer

OTel Collector

Answer

The OpenTelemetry Collector is a vendor-agnostic proxy that receives telemetry from applications, processes it (filter, transform, batch), and exports it to backends.

(KCNA) Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate Practice Test

(KCNA) Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate Practice Test

KCNA Monitoring and Logging 5