KCNA Monitoring and Logging 4

Question 1

What does the PromQL function `rate()` calculate?

Accepted Answer

The per-second average rate of increase of a counter over a time range

Answer

rate() calculates the per-second average increase rate of a counter over the specified time range, accounting for counter resets.

Question 2

In Kubernetes, which field in a pod spec controls the maximum number of log lines retained per container when using the json-file log driver?

Accepted Answer

Container runtime log configuration on the node

Answer

Log rotation limits (max file size, max files) are configured at the container runtime level on each node, not within the pod spec itself.

Question 3

What is Loki's primary design difference from Elasticsearch for log storage?

Accepted Answer

Loki only indexes log labels/metadata, not log content

Answer

Loki indexes only the labels (metadata) attached to log streams, not the log content itself, making it more cost-efficient for storage and ingestion.

Question 4

Which CNCF project is the de facto standard for distributed tracing, providing SDKs, a collector, and a UI?

Accepted Answer

Jaeger

Answer

Jaeger is a CNCF graduated project purpose-built for distributed tracing, offering client libraries, a collector, a query service, and a web UI.

Question 5

What is the function of a Prometheus 'recording rule'?

Accepted Answer

Pre-compute expensive PromQL queries and store results as new time series

Answer

Recording rules allow you to pre-compute frequently used or expensive PromQL expressions and save their results as new time series for faster querying.

(KCNA) Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate Practice Test

(KCNA) Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate Practice Test

KCNA Monitoring and Logging 4