Verb Conjugation Forms Flashcards

Which is the ます-form (polite present) of 起きる (okiru, to wake up)?

Answer: 起きます

Ichidan verbs drop る and add ます, so 起きる → 起きます.

What does the form 食べなければならない express?

Answer: Must eat (obligation)

なければならない attached to the negative stem expresses obligation — 'must eat'.

Which is the correct imperative form (命令形) of 来る (kuru)?

Answer: 来い

来る is irregular; its imperative form is 来い (koi), a strong command meaning 'Come!'.

What is the て-form of 死ぬ (shinu, to die)?

Answer: 死んで

Godan verbs ending in ぬ use んで for the て-form, so 死ぬ → 死んで.

Which sentence uses the たら conditional correctly?

Answer: 雨が降ったら、家にいます。

たら is formed by adding ら to the plain past form (た), so 降った + ら = 降ったら, meaning 'if/when it rains'.

What does ている mean when used with a stative verb like 知る (shiru)?

Answer: A resulting state (already knows)

With stative verbs like 知る, ている expresses a resulting state, so 知っている means 'knows (as a result of having learned)'.

Which is the plain negative past form of する (suru)?

Answer: しなかった

The negative past of する is formed from its negative stem し- + なかった, giving しなかった.