ISSA Special Populations & Dietary Guidelines 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A client is 6 months postpartum and breastfeeding. What is her estimated additional daily calorie requirement compared to pre-pregnancy?
- 200 kcal/day
- 330 kcal/day
- 500 kcal/day (Correct answer)
- 700 kcal/day
Correct answer: 500 kcal/day
Lactating women require approximately 500 additional calories per day to support milk production during the first 6 months postpartum.
Question 2: Which dietary pattern is most strongly associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk based on current evidence?
- Ketogenic diet
- Mediterranean diet (Correct answer)
- Carnivore diet
- Paleo diet
Correct answer: Mediterranean diet
The Mediterranean diet has the strongest and most consistent evidence linking it to reduced cardiovascular disease risk and mortality.
Question 3: According to USDA MyPlate guidelines, fruits and vegetables should collectively fill what proportion of the plate?
- One quarter
- One third
- One half (Correct answer)
- Two thirds
Correct answer: One half
MyPlate guidelines recommend filling half the plate with fruits and vegetables to promote adequate intake of vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
Question 4: An elderly client reports difficulty chewing. Which nutrient is she most likely to become deficient in due to reduced meat consumption?
- Vitamin C
- Zinc (Correct answer)
- Vitamin B6
- Folate
Correct answer: Zinc
Zinc is highly concentrated in red meat and shellfish; elderly individuals who reduce meat intake due to chewing difficulties are at elevated risk of zinc deficiency.
Question 5: A child athlete aged 10 requires protein primarily for which additional reason compared to an adult athlete?
- Hormonal regulation
- Growth and development in addition to exercise recovery (Correct answer)
- Fat metabolism
- Thermoregulation
Correct answer: Growth and development in addition to exercise recovery
Children require protein not only for muscle repair from exercise but also to support ongoing growth and tissue development.
Question 6: Which dietary guideline recommendation applies specifically to individuals aged 50 and older regarding vitamin B12?
- Increase red meat intake
- Obtain B12 primarily from fortified foods or supplements (Correct answer)
- Double dietary B12 intake from natural food sources
- Avoid B12 supplements due to kidney risk
Correct answer: Obtain B12 primarily from fortified foods or supplements
Older adults often have reduced stomach acid production, impairing B12 absorption from food, so fortified foods or supplements are recommended for reliable intake.
Question 7: For a client with Type 2 diabetes, the primary dietary goal should be focused on managing which of the following?
- Total fat intake
- Blood glucose levels through carbohydrate management (Correct answer)
- Sodium intake
- Saturated fat exclusively
Correct answer: Blood glucose levels through carbohydrate management
Managing blood glucose through careful carbohydrate quantity and quality is the primary dietary priority for individuals with Type 2 diabetes.
ISSA Special Populations & Dietary Guidelines 3
A client is 6 months postpartum and breastfeeding.
What is her estimated additional daily calorie requirement compared to pre-pregnancy?