ISSA Special Populations & Dietary Guidelines 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, what percentage of total daily calories should come from added sugars?
- Less than 5%
- Less than 10% (Correct answer)
- Less than 15%
- Less than 20%
Correct answer: Less than 10%
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added sugars to less than 10% of total daily caloric intake.
Question 2: A pregnant woman in her second trimester requires approximately how many additional calories per day above her pre-pregnancy needs?
- 0 additional calories
- 340 additional calories (Correct answer)
- 450 additional calories
- 600 additional calories
Correct answer: 340 additional calories
During the second trimester of pregnancy, women need approximately 340 additional calories per day to support fetal growth.
Question 3: Which nutrient is of particular concern for exclusively breastfed infants due to insufficient levels in breast milk?
- Calcium
- Iron
- Vitamin D (Correct answer)
- Zinc
Correct answer: Vitamin D
Breast milk contains insufficient vitamin D, so the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends supplementing exclusively breastfed infants with 400 IU/day.
Question 4: An older adult client is concerned about bone density. Which combination of nutrients is most critical to prioritize?
- Iron and vitamin C
- Calcium and vitamin D (Correct answer)
- Magnesium and vitamin K
- Phosphorus and vitamin A
Correct answer: Calcium and vitamin D
Calcium and vitamin D work synergistically to maintain bone mineral density and reduce osteoporosis risk in older adults.
Question 5: The DASH diet was originally developed to address which health condition?
- Type 2 diabetes
- Hypertension (Correct answer)
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Obesity
Correct answer: Hypertension
DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) was specifically developed to lower blood pressure through dietary modification.
Question 6: A vegan athlete is at highest risk for deficiency in which nutrient that requires supplementation or fortified foods?
- Vitamin C
- Fiber
- Vitamin B12 (Correct answer)
- Potassium
Correct answer: Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is found almost exclusively in animal products, making supplementation essential for vegan athletes to prevent deficiency.
Question 7: When advising a client with celiac disease, which grain is safe to include in their diet?
- Barley
- Rye
- Oats with gluten contamination
- Buckwheat (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Buckwheat
Buckwheat is naturally gluten-free and safe for individuals with celiac disease, despite its misleading name.
ISSA Special Populations & Dietary Guidelines 2
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, what percentage of total daily calories should come from added sugars?