ISSA Macronutrients & Micronutrients Essentials 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which fatty acid is classified as omega-3 and is primarily found in fatty fish?
- Linoleic acid
- Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (Correct answer)
- Arachidonic acid
- Palmitic acid
Correct answer: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid abundantly found in fatty fish like salmon and mackerel.
Question 2: A client consuming 2,500 kcal/day with 30% from fat is eating approximately how many grams of fat daily?
- 55 g
- 75 g
- 83 g (Correct answer)
- 94 g
Correct answer: 83 g
30% of 2,500 kcal = 750 kcal from fat; 750 ÷ 9 kcal/g = ~83 g of fat.
Question 3: Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B radiation?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D (Correct answer)
- Vitamin K
Correct answer: Vitamin D
UVB radiation converts 7-dehydrocholesterol in skin to previtamin D3, which is then converted to vitamin D3.
Question 4: Glycogen is stored primarily in which two tissues of the body?
- Kidneys and pancreas
- Liver and skeletal muscle (Correct answer)
- Adipose tissue and liver
- Heart and skeletal muscle
Correct answer: Liver and skeletal muscle
Glycogen is stored mainly in the liver (glucose homeostasis) and skeletal muscle (local energy reserve).
Question 5: Which mineral is the primary intracellular cation and plays a key role in muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission?
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Potassium (Correct answer)
- Magnesium
Correct answer: Potassium
Potassium is the dominant intracellular cation and is essential for maintaining membrane potential, muscle contraction, and nerve function.
Question 6: Complete proteins are distinguished from incomplete proteins by which characteristic?
- Higher total amino acid content
- Containing all nine essential amino acids in adequate amounts (Correct answer)
- Lower fat content
- Greater digestibility coefficient
Correct answer: Containing all nine essential amino acids in adequate amounts
Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids in sufficient quantities to support protein synthesis, whereas incomplete proteins lack or are low in one or more.
Question 7: Which B vitamin acts as a coenzyme in over 100 enzymatic reactions, particularly those involved in amino acid metabolism?
- Thiamin (B1)
- Riboflavin (B2)
- Pyridoxine (B6) (Correct answer)
- Cobalamin (B12)
Correct answer: Pyridoxine (B6)
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) in its active form pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is a coenzyme in transamination and decarboxylation reactions central to amino acid metabolism.
ISSA Macronutrients & Micronutrients Essentials 2
Which fatty acid is classified as omega-3 and is primarily found in fatty fish?