Macronutrient & Micronutrient Science Flashcards
7 cards from real IIN practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Macronutrient & Micronutrient Science flashcards as text
Which mineral deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, often presenting as microcytic hypochromic anemia?
Answer: Iron
Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent nutritional disorder globally, characterized by small, pale red blood cells with reduced hemoglobin.
In the context of protein quality assessment, what does the Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) measure?
Answer: Protein's essential amino acid profile relative to a reference pattern, adjusted for digestibility
PDCAAS rates protein quality by comparing its essential amino acid content to a reference pattern and correcting for true fecal digestibility.
Which B vitamin is especially critical during the first trimester of pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus?
Answer: Folate (B9)
Folate is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division; adequate periconceptional intake reduces the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida.
Which type of fiber is soluble, forms a gel in water, and has been shown to lower LDL cholesterol by binding bile acids in the gut?
Answer: Pectin
Pectin, found in apples and citrus fruit, is a soluble fiber that forms a viscous gel, trapping bile acids and reducing cholesterol reabsorption.
Selenium functions as a component of glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme that primarily performs which role?
Answer: Protects cells from oxidative damage by neutralizing peroxides
Glutathione peroxidase uses selenium to reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides, protecting cell membranes from oxidative stress.
Which process allows the liver to synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as amino acids, lactate, and glycerol?
Answer: Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which the liver produces new glucose from lactate, amino acids, and glycerol to maintain blood glucose during fasting.
Which dietary mineral works alongside vitamin D to regulate calcium absorption and is the most abundant mineral in the human body?
Answer: Calcium
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, stored primarily in bones and teeth, and its intestinal absorption is regulated by vitamin D.