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Chronic Disease & Nutrition Flashcards

7 cards from real IIN practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Chronic Disease & Nutrition flashcards as text

  1. Which dietary intervention has the strongest evidence for reversing early-stage type 2 diabetes (achieving remission)?

    Answer: Significant caloric restriction leading to substantial weight loss

    The DiRECT trial demonstrated that substantial weight loss through caloric restriction achieved T2D remission in nearly half of participants at one year.

  2. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is closely linked to which metabolic dysfunction that nutrition coaching can address?

    Answer: Insulin resistance

    Insulin resistance drives androgen overproduction in PCOS, and dietary strategies that improve insulin sensitivity can help manage symptoms.

  3. Which dietary component most directly supports healthy blood pressure through its effect on sodium regulation?

    Answer: Potassium

    Potassium promotes renal sodium excretion and helps relax blood vessel walls, making it critical for blood pressure regulation via the DASH diet approach.

  4. According to IIN teachings, which concept describes the idea that no single dietary approach works for everyone?

    Answer: Bio-individuality

    Bio-individuality is a core IIN principle recognizing that each person has unique dietary needs based on genetics, ancestry, lifestyle, and personal preferences.

  5. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the diet are most strongly associated with progression of which chronic conditions?

    Answer: Diabetes complications and cardiovascular disease

    Dietary AGEs accumulate in tissues and promote oxidative stress and inflammation, accelerating diabetic complications and atherosclerosis.

  6. A client on a plant-based diet asks about getting enough complete protein. Which plant food combination provides all essential amino acids in one meal?

    Answer: Quinoa alone

    Quinoa is one of the few plant foods that contains all nine essential amino acids in adequate proportions, making it a complete protein on its own.

  7. Which biomarker is most useful for assessing long-term blood sugar control over the past 2–3 months?

    Answer: HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin)

    HbA1c reflects average blood glucose over the lifespan of red blood cells (approximately 2–3 months) and is the gold standard for monitoring long-term glycemic control.