Chronic Disease & Nutrition Flashcards
7 cards from real IIN practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Chronic Disease & Nutrition flashcards as text
Which anti-inflammatory compound found in turmeric has been extensively studied for its role in chronic disease prevention?
Answer: Curcumin
Curcumin is the primary active polyphenol in turmeric and has been studied for inhibiting NF-κB and reducing inflammatory cytokine production.
A client with hypothyroidism asks about dietary goitrogens. Which food group is highest in naturally occurring goitrogens?
Answer: Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and kale
Cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates that can interfere with thyroid iodine uptake, though cooking significantly reduces their goitrogenic activity.
The glycemic index (GI) of a food is primarily affected by which factor?
Answer: The speed at which carbohydrates are digested and raise blood glucose
GI measures how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood glucose compared to pure glucose, reflecting digestion and absorption speed.
Which nutrient deficiency is most commonly associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer according to current evidence?
Answer: Vitamin D
Low vitamin D status is associated with increased colorectal cancer risk due to its role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in the colon.
In the context of chronic disease, what is 'leaky gut' (intestinal permeability) primarily thought to contribute to?
Answer: Systemic inflammation via translocation of bacterial endotoxins
Increased intestinal permeability allows bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to enter the bloodstream, triggering chronic systemic inflammation linked to metabolic and autoimmune diseases.
A client wants to lower their cardiovascular risk through diet. Which evidence-based dietary change has the most significant impact on reducing LDL cholesterol?
Answer: Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats
Replacing saturated fats with polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats consistently reduces LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular event risk in clinical trials.
Which statement about the gut microbiome and chronic disease is most accurate according to current research?
Answer: Reduced microbial diversity correlates with obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory conditions
Lower gut microbial diversity is consistently linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease, highlighting the microbiome's role in metabolic health.