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Pharmacology and Pain Management Flashcards

6 cards from real INBDE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Pharmacology and Pain Management flashcards as text

  1. Which local anesthetic has the longest duration of action?

    Answer: Bupivacaine

    Bupivacaine (Marcaine) has the longest duration of pulpal and soft tissue anesthesia among common dental local anesthetics due to its high protein-binding affinity.

  2. Epinephrine is added to local anesthetic solutions primarily to:

    Answer: Prolong the duration of anesthesia by causing vasoconstriction

    Epinephrine causes local vasoconstriction, reducing the rate of systemic absorption of the local anesthetic and thereby prolonging its duration and reducing toxicity.

  3. A patient taking warfarin requires a dental extraction. The INR is 2.5. The most appropriate management is to:

    Answer: Proceed with extraction using local hemostatic measures

    For patients on warfarin with an INR ≤3.5, routine dental extractions can proceed safely with local hemostatic measures such as pressure and sutures.

  4. Which analgesic is contraindicated in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD)?

    Answer: Ibuprofen

    NSAIDs like ibuprofen inhibit COX-1, shunting arachidonic acid toward leukotriene production, which triggers bronchoconstriction in patients with AERD.

  5. Tetracyclines are contraindicated in children under 8 years of age because they:

    Answer: Cause permanent tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia

    Tetracyclines chelate calcium and incorporate into developing teeth and bone, causing permanent yellow-gray discoloration and enamel hypoplasia in children under 8.

  6. Which benzodiazepine is most commonly used for IV conscious sedation in dentistry?

    Answer: Midazolam

    Midazolam is preferred for IV conscious sedation in dentistry due to its rapid onset, short duration, water solubility, and superior amnestic properties.