Reading: Sentence and Summary Completion Flashcards

Passage: 'The invention of the steam engine during the Industrial Revolution made it possible to power factories and transport goods across vast distances rapidly, fundamentally altering global trade.' Summary to complete: Steam engines transformed global trade by making it possible to ___ goods across long distances quickly.

Answer: transport

'Transport goods across vast distances' is used directly in the passage.

Passage: 'Soil erosion is accelerated by deforestation, as tree roots that would otherwise anchor soil are removed, leaving it vulnerable to being washed or blown away.' Sentence to complete: Without trees, which ___ the soil with their roots, erosion occurs more rapidly through wind and rain.

Answer: anchor

'Tree roots that would otherwise anchor soil' is used directly in the passage.

Passage: 'The human brain's neuroplasticity — its ability to form new neural connections in response to learning and experience — means that cognitive abilities can continue to develop throughout life.' Sentence to complete: Because the brain can form ___ connections in response to new experiences, learning can occur at any age.

Answer: neural

'New neural connections' is used directly in the passage.

Passage: 'Traditional fishing methods are being replaced by industrial-scale trawling, which catches enormous quantities of fish but causes significant damage to the ocean floor and marine ecosystems.' Summary to complete: Industrial trawling is displacing traditional fishing, but it damages ___ ecosystems and the seabed on a large scale.

Answer: marine

'Marine ecosystems' is the exact term used in the passage.

Passage: 'The human body requires eight essential amino acids from dietary sources because it cannot synthesise them independently.' Sentence to complete: Since the body cannot produce the eight essential amino acids itself, they must be obtained from ___.

Answer: dietary sources

'Dietary sources' is used directly in the passage as the origin of essential amino acids.

Passage: 'Noise pollution from traffic and industry has been linked to elevated blood pressure, sleep disturbance, and increased levels of stress hormones in urban residents.' Summary to complete: Urban noise from traffic and industry can raise blood pressure, disrupt sleep, and increase ___ hormones.

Answer: stress

'Increased levels of stress hormones' is used directly in the passage.

Passage: 'Satellite imagery has revolutionised environmental monitoring by enabling scientists to track changes in land use, deforestation rates, and ice cover across large areas with greater accuracy.' Sentence to complete: Scientists can now monitor environmental change, such as shifts in land use and ice cover, more ___ using satellite imagery.

Answer: accurately

'With greater accuracy' is paraphrased as 'more accurately'.