Reading: Sentence and Summary Completion Flashcards

Passage: 'Glaciers act as natural freshwater reservoirs, storing water as ice and slowly releasing it during warmer months to feed rivers and sustain ecosystems downstream.' Sentence to complete: Glaciers function as natural stores of ___ water, gradually supplying rivers and downstream habitats in summer.

Answer: freshwater

'Natural freshwater reservoirs' is directly paraphrased as 'natural stores of freshwater'.

Passage: 'The widespread availability of smartphones has fundamentally changed consumer behaviour, enabling instant price comparison and online purchasing from virtually any location.' Summary to complete: Smartphones have transformed how consumers ___, allowing immediate price checks and purchases from anywhere.

Answer: shop

'Consumer behaviour' relating to 'online purchasing' and 'price comparison' is about shopping.

Passage: 'The Sahara Desert, the world's largest hot desert, experiences extreme temperature variation, with scorching days and freezing nights due to the absence of moisture to moderate temperatures.' Sentence to complete: The Sahara has dramatic temperature swings because there is little ___ in the atmosphere to regulate heat.

Answer: moisture

The passage explicitly states 'the absence of moisture to moderate temperatures'.

Passage: 'Volunteering has been shown to benefit not only communities but also the volunteers themselves, with studies reporting improvements in mental health and a stronger sense of purpose.' Summary to complete: Research indicates that volunteering improves volunteers' mental wellbeing and gives them a greater sense of ___.

Answer: purpose

'Stronger sense of purpose' is used directly in the passage.

Passage: 'Wind turbines generate electricity by converting the kinetic energy of moving air into mechanical energy, which is then transformed into electrical power.' Sentence to complete: Wind turbines produce electricity by first converting wind's ___ energy into mechanical energy.

Answer: kinetic

'Kinetic energy of moving air' is used directly in the passage.

Passage: 'The decline of Latin as a spoken language was gradual rather than sudden, with regional dialects slowly evolving over centuries into the modern Romance languages.' Summary to complete: Latin did not disappear quickly; instead, local ___ slowly changed over hundreds of years into today's Romance languages.

Answer: dialects

'Regional dialects' is used directly in the passage.

Passage: 'Dietary fibre is essential for digestive health, feeding beneficial gut bacteria and helping to regulate bowel movements, thereby reducing the risk of conditions such as colorectal cancer.' Sentence to complete: Eating enough fibre supports gut health by nourishing helpful bacteria and lowering the risk of ___ cancer.

Answer: colorectal

The passage specifically names colorectal cancer as the condition fibre helps prevent.