Reading: Sentence and Summary Completion Flashcards

Passage: 'Bats play a crucial ecological role as pollinators, particularly for plants that flower at night, as many bat species feed on nectar.' Sentence to complete: Many nocturnal plants depend on bats for ___, as bats feed on the nectar of night-flowering species.

Answer: pollination

'Pollinators' in the passage becomes 'pollination' in the sentence.

Passage: 'The industrial revolution generated unprecedented economic growth, but it also produced widespread urban poverty as rural workers flooded into cities seeking employment.' Summary to complete: While the industrial revolution created economic growth, it also caused ___ poverty in cities.

Answer: widespread

'Widespread urban poverty' is taken directly from the passage.

Passage: 'Ocean acidification, caused by the absorption of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, threatens the ability of shell-forming creatures to build and maintain their shells.' Sentence to complete: As oceans absorb more CO₂, they become more ___, putting shell-forming marine animals at risk.

Answer: acidic

'Ocean acidification' implies the ocean becomes more acidic.

Passage: 'Artificial intelligence systems learn from vast datasets, identifying patterns that allow them to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to do so.' Sentence to complete: AI systems can make predictions by recognising ___ in large sets of data rather than following direct programming.

Answer: patterns

'Identifying patterns' is used in the passage to describe how AI learns.

Passage: 'The Amazon rainforest produces roughly twenty percent of the world's oxygen through photosynthesis, earning it the nickname 'the lungs of the Earth'.' Summary to complete: Because it generates approximately a fifth of global oxygen, the Amazon is often called 'the ___ of the Earth'.

Answer: lungs

The nickname 'the lungs of the Earth' is used directly in the passage.

Passage: 'The increasing use of pesticides has been linked to the decline of bee populations worldwide, which poses a serious threat to global food production given bees' role as pollinators.' Sentence to complete: Because bees ___ crops, their declining numbers due to pesticide use could endanger global food supplies.

Answer: pollinate

Bees' role as 'pollinators' means they pollinate crops.

Passage: 'Despite being one of the driest continents, Australia receives substantial rainfall in its tropical north, supporting lush rainforests in regions such as Queensland.' Summary to complete: Although much of Australia is arid, its northern tropical regions experience significant ___ that sustains rainforest vegetation.

Answer: rainfall

'Substantial rainfall' is paraphrased as 'significant rainfall'.