Reading: Sentence and Summary Completion Flashcards

Passage: 'The domestication of horses transformed human societies by enabling faster communication, more effective warfare, and the movement of goods over long distances.' Sentence to complete: Horses changed human civilisation by making trade, military operations, and ___ more efficient.

Answer: communication

'Faster communication' is the first benefit listed in the passage.

Passage: 'Despite its visual appeal, fast fashion has severe environmental consequences, including water pollution from dyeing processes and enormous textile waste.' Summary to complete: The fast fashion industry causes ___ problems such as water contamination and huge amounts of waste material.

Answer: environmental

'Severe environmental consequences' is paraphrased as 'environmental problems'.

Passage: 'Mangrove forests act as natural barriers along coastlines, absorbing the force of storm surges and protecting inland communities from flood damage.' Sentence to complete: Mangrove forests help shield ___ communities from flooding by reducing the impact of storm surges.

Answer: inland

'Protecting inland communities' is used directly in the passage.

Passage: 'The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928 revolutionised medicine by providing an effective treatment for bacterial infections that had previously been fatal.' Summary to complete: Penicillin transformed medicine because it could ___ bacterial infections that used to kill patients.

Answer: treat

'Providing an effective treatment' is paraphrased as 'treat bacterial infections'.

Passage: 'Social media platforms have been criticised for amplifying misinformation, as algorithms tend to promote content that generates strong emotional reactions regardless of its accuracy.' Sentence to complete: Critics argue that social media spreads false information because its algorithms favour content that provokes ___ responses.

Answer: emotional

'Strong emotional reactions' is paraphrased as 'provokes emotional responses'.

Passage: 'The Great Barrier Reef, extending over 2,300 kilometres, is the world's largest coral reef ecosystem and is visible from outer space.' Summary to complete: Stretching more than 2,300 km, the Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef ___ on Earth.

Answer: ecosystem

'Largest coral reef ecosystem' is taken directly from the passage.

Passage: 'The transition from hunter-gatherer societies to farming communities required humans to remain in fixed locations, giving rise to the concept of permanent settlements.' Sentence to complete: When humans began farming, they needed to stay in one place, which led to the creation of ___ settlements.

Answer: permanent

'Permanent settlements' is used directly in the passage.