HSRT Cheat Sheet 2026

The 30 highest-yield HSRT facts, distilled from real exam questions. Print it, save it as a PDF, or study it here — free, no sign-up.

1. Which age group tends to develop fears of injury, disease, or death? → School-age children
2. The medical term 'iatrogenic' refers to a condition that is: → Caused or induced by medical treatment or a healthcare provider
3. Which of the following best describes 'publication bias' in the context of medical research? → Journals preferentially publish studies with positive or significant results
4. What is encephalitis? → Inflammation of the brain
5. Which of the following is consider a barrier to communicating with another? → All of the above
6. The suffix '-ectomy' in medical terminology means: → Surgical removal
7. The medical suffix '-algia' means: → Pain
8. Which of the following patients must see or hear something to understand? → Preschoolers
9. The medical prefix 'hypo-' means: → Below normal or deficient
10. Which action is most important when critically appraising a research article's methodology? → Evaluating whether the study design is appropriate for the research question
11. A cohort study follows 5,000 smokers and 5,000 non-smokers for 20 years to compare lung cancer incidence. This design is best classified as: → Prospective cohort
12. In evidence-based practice, which source of evidence should take precedence when making a clinical decision? → Current best research evidence integrated with clinical expertise and patient values
13. The medical term 'leukocytosis' refers to: → An abnormally high white blood cell count
14. Researchers report a confidence interval of 95% CI [0.85–1.15] for a risk ratio. What does this interval suggest? → The data are consistent with no meaningful difference between groups
15. Researchers randomly assign participants to treatment and control groups. The primary purpose of randomization is to: → Control for all known and unknown confounders
16. Which of the following conditions tend to affect the geriatric population? → All of the above
17. The combining form 'hepato-' refers to which organ? → Liver
18. Which component of an evidence hierarchy is typically considered the weakest form of clinical evidence? → Expert opinion
19. Which of the following conditions can affect the geriatric population? → All of the above
20. The term 'tachypnea' in clinical documentation refers to: → Abnormally rapid breathing rate (> 20 breaths per minute in adults)
21. A diagnostic test has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 60%. In a population with low disease prevalence, the positive predictive value will be: → Very low because prevalence is low
22. The term 'hematuria' refers to: → Blood in the urine
23. The prefix 'brady-' in medical terminology means: → Slow
24. A nurse needs to infuse 1 liter of normal saline over 8 hours using a standard IV drip set (20 drops/mL). What is the drip rate in drops per minute? → 42 drops/min
25. What does hemorrhage mean? → The loss of blood from damaged blood vessels
26. In anatomical terminology, 'proximal' refers to a structure located: → Closer to the origin or point of attachment
27. A health study uses self-reported dietary data collected via questionnaires administered years after the study period. This introduces which type of bias? → Recall bias
28. In the context of the HSRT, which reasoning skill is described as making reasoned judgments in ambiguous, risky, and uncertain contexts? → Induction
29. A study reports a statistically significant result with p = 0.04. What does this indicate? → The result has a 4% chance of occurring if the null hypothesis is true
30. A pharmacy prepares a 0.9% NaCl (normal saline) solution. 0.9% means 0.9 g of NaCl per 100 mL. How many milligrams of NaCl are in a 500 mL bag? → 4500 mg