And Complementary Flashcards

The integrative health principle known as 'therapeutic order' in naturopathic medicine places which intervention at the highest priority?

Answer: Removing obstacles to health and establishing a foundation for wellness

The naturopathic therapeutic order begins with removing obstacles to health (poor diet, toxins, stressors) and establishing healthy foundations before applying more forceful treatments.

Which complementary practice involves applying pressure to specific points on the feet, hands, and ears believed to correspond to organs and body regions?

Answer: Reflexology

Reflexology is based on the theory that the feet, hands, and ears contain maps of the entire body, and applying pressure to specific reflex points affects corresponding organs.

A practitioner using applied kinesiology (AK) muscle testing claims to diagnose nutritional deficiencies. What is the primary scientific criticism of this diagnostic method?

Answer: Studies show AK muscle testing has no better diagnostic accuracy than chance

Controlled studies have consistently shown that AK muscle testing produces results no better than random chance for diagnosing nutritional or organic conditions, failing basic validity tests.

Which form of traditional medicine uses the doctrine of signatures — the idea that a plant's appearance provides clues to its medicinal use?

Answer: Western herbalism

The doctrine of signatures is a concept in Western herbalism (and some folk traditions) where a plant's physical resemblance to a body part suggests its use, e.g., walnuts for the brain.

In integrative medicine, 'functional medicine' differs from conventional medicine primarily by emphasizing which approach?

Answer: Identifying and addressing the upstream root causes of disease through a systems-biology lens

Functional medicine uses a systems-biology approach to identify root causes of disease — such as inflammation, gut dysbiosis, or toxin exposure — rather than focusing primarily on symptom management.

Which ethical principle is most directly violated when a practitioner recommends an unproven alternative therapy to a patient with a curable cancer, discouraging conventional treatment?

Answer: Non-maleficence (do no harm)

Steering a patient away from curative conventional treatment toward unproven alternatives causes foreseeable harm, directly violating non-maleficence regardless of the practitioner's intent.

Therapeutic use of probiotics in integrative medicine is most strongly evidence-supported for which clinical indication?

Answer: Prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Multiple systematic reviews confirm that specific Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces boulardii strains significantly reduce the risk and duration of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.