Pathological Changes Flashcards
7 cards from real Histology Certification practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Pathological Changes flashcards as text
Which cellular adaptation is defined as an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ?
Answer: Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number (proliferation), while hypertrophy is an increase in cell size.
Barrett's esophagus is a classic example of which type of cellular adaptation?
Answer: Glandular metaplasia
In Barrett's esophagus, chronic acid reflux causes normal stratified squamous epithelium to be replaced by columnar (intestinal-type) glandular epithelium — a metaplasia.
Atrophy caused by loss of innervation to skeletal muscle is best classified as which type?
Answer: Denervation atrophy
Denervation atrophy results from loss of trophic nerve supply to muscle, causing rapid muscle wasting.
In dysplasia, which of the following histological features is NOT typically observed?
Answer: Invasion through the basement membrane
Dysplasia by definition remains confined above the basement membrane; invasion through it indicates carcinoma.
Physiological hyperplasia of the breast during pregnancy is driven primarily by which hormone?
Answer: Estrogen and progesterone
Estrogen and progesterone together drive ductal and lobular hyperplasia in the breast during pregnancy.
Which of the following best describes the significance of cellular atypia seen in dysplasia on a Pap smear?
Answer: It may regress, persist, or progress to carcinoma in situ
Dysplastic changes on Pap smear can regress spontaneously, remain stable, or progress to carcinoma in situ depending on the grade and HPV status.
Intracellular accumulation of lipids within hepatocytes leading to a yellow, greasy liver is called:
Answer: Hepatic steatosis (fatty change)
Hepatic steatosis (fatty change) is the accumulation of triglycerides within hepatocyte cytoplasm, producing a macrovesicular or microvesicular pattern on H&E.