HCC Wellness Assessment Instruments 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The Wellness Inventory developed by John Travis is notable for being one of the first tools to:
- Use biometric screening as a primary data source
- Conceptualize wellness on a continuum rather than as the absence of illness (Correct answer)
- Incorporate financial wellness as a standalone domain
- Apply machine learning algorithms to predict wellness outcomes
Correct answer: Conceptualize wellness on a continuum rather than as the absence of illness
Travis's Wellness Inventory pioneered the idea of a wellness continuum ranging from premature death at one end to high-level wellness at the other, shifting focus from disease treatment to proactive health.
Question 2: Which type of assessment bias occurs when clients from certain cultural backgrounds score differently on a wellness instrument not due to actual wellness differences but due to cultural interpretation of items?
- Construct validity bias
- Differential item functioning (DIF) (Correct answer)
- Regression to the mean
- Social desirability bias
Correct answer: Differential item functioning (DIF)
Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when test items function differently across cultural or demographic groups, potentially reflecting cultural interpretation differences rather than true construct differences.
Question 3: A holistic coach administers the Life Satisfaction Survey before and after a 12-week coaching program. The primary reason for using a PRE/POST design is to:
- Establish a diagnosis for insurance billing purposes
- Measure change in the client's self-reported wellness over the coaching period (Correct answer)
- Compare the client's results to a national normative database
- Determine if the client needs a referral to a licensed therapist
Correct answer: Measure change in the client's self-reported wellness over the coaching period
Pre/post assessment designs allow coaches and clients to objectively track change across the coaching engagement, providing evidence of progress and informing coaching direction.
Question 4: The PERMA model, sometimes operationalized as the PERMA Profiler assessment, was developed by which psychologist?
- Abraham Maslow
- Martin Seligman (Correct answer)
- Carl Rogers
- Richard Ryan
Correct answer: Martin Seligman
Martin Seligman developed the PERMA model, which measures five pillars of well-being: Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment.
Question 5: What is the main advantage of using a multi-dimensional wellness instrument over a single-domain health questionnaire?
- Multi-dimensional instruments are always shorter and easier to complete
- They capture the interconnectedness of wellness domains and reveal holistic patterns (Correct answer)
- They are more reliable because they focus on one area in depth
- Single-domain tools are not accepted in professional coaching settings
Correct answer: They capture the interconnectedness of wellness domains and reveal holistic patterns
Multi-dimensional wellness instruments reflect the holistic model by assessing how multiple life domains interact, revealing patterns that single-domain tools would miss.
Question 6: A client is reluctant to complete a wellness assessment because they fear being judged. The BEST coaching response is to:
- Require completion of the assessment as a condition of continuing coaching
- Explain that results are confidential and reframe the tool as a self-exploration opportunity (Correct answer)
- Skip all formal assessments and proceed with coaching based on conversation only
- Reassure the client their scores will be shared only with the coach's supervisor
Correct answer: Explain that results are confidential and reframe the tool as a self-exploration opportunity
Maintaining confidentiality and reframing assessments as self-discovery tools reduces resistance and aligns with client-centered coaching ethics.
Question 7: Cronbach's alpha is used to evaluate which psychometric property of a wellness assessment?
- Test-retest reliability
- Internal consistency reliability (Correct answer)
- Criterion-related validity
- Content validity
Correct answer: Internal consistency reliability
Cronbach's alpha measures internal consistency, indicating how closely related a set of items are as a group within a subscale or total scale.
HCC Wellness Assessment Instruments 3
The Wellness Inventory developed by John Travis is notable for being one of the first tools to: