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Logical Reasoning Flashcards

7 cards from real HAST practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Logical Reasoning flashcards as text

  1. All mammals are warm-blooded. All dogs are mammals. What conclusion must be true?

    Answer: All dogs are warm-blooded

    This is a valid syllogism: if all mammals are warm-blooded and all dogs are mammals, then all dogs must be warm-blooded.

  2. If it rains, the ground gets wet. The ground is not wet. What can you conclude?

    Answer: It did not rain

    This uses modus tollens: if the consequence (wet ground) is false, the cause (rain) must also be false.

  3. No reptiles are warm-blooded. A lizard is a reptile. Which statement is valid?

    Answer: A lizard is not warm-blooded

    Since no reptiles are warm-blooded and a lizard is a reptile, the lizard cannot be warm-blooded.

  4. Only students who study pass the exam. Maria passed the exam. What must be true?

    Answer: Maria studied

    If passing requires studying, and Maria passed, then Maria must have studied.

  5. In a sequence: every even number is followed by its half. Starting at 64, what is the fourth number?

    Answer: 8

    64 → 32 → 16 → 8: each step halves the value, so the fourth number is 8.

  6. Some athletes are students. All students study hard. Which conclusion is definitely valid?

    Answer: Some athletes study hard

    Since some athletes are students and all students study hard, those athlete-students must study hard — so some athletes study hard.

  7. If a shape has four equal sides and four right angles, it is a square. Shape X has four equal sides but no right angles. What is Shape X?

    Answer: A rhombus

    A rhombus has four equal sides but does not require right angles, fitting the description of Shape X.