Functions and Modularity Flashcards

What does `inspect.signature(func)` return?

Answer: A Signature object describing the function's parameters

`inspect.signature` returns a `Signature` object that contains information about a function's parameters and annotations.

Which of the following correctly creates a package in Python?

Answer: A directory containing a file named `__init__.py`

A Python package is a directory that contains an `__init__.py` file, which marks it as a package to the interpreter.

What is the output? ```python def f(*args, **kwargs): return len(args), len(kwargs) print(f(1, 2, x=3, y=4)) ```

Answer: (2, 2)

Positional arguments 1 and 2 go into `args` (length 2), and keyword arguments x and y go into `kwargs` (length 2).

What is the purpose of a decorator in Python?

Answer: To wrap a function and modify or extend its behavior

A decorator is a callable that takes a function and returns a modified version, allowing behavior to be added before or after the original function.

Which keyword allows an inner function to reassign a variable defined in an enclosing (non-global) scope?

Answer: nonlocal

`nonlocal` explicitly declares that a variable belongs to the nearest enclosing scope, allowing reassignment inside inner functions.

What does `help(module)` display in Python?

Answer: The module's documentation including docstrings of its contents

`help()` uses the `pydoc` system to display a module's docstring and the docstrings of its functions, classes, and methods.

What is the difference between `import module` and `from module import *`?

Answer: `import module` keeps names in the module's namespace; `from module import *` dumps all public names into the current namespace

`import module` requires `module.name` access, while `from module import *` pulls all public names directly into the current namespace, risking name collisions.