GIS Spatial Statistics

Question 1

What does Moran's I measure in spatial analysis?

Accepted Answer

Spatial autocorrelation of attribute values

Answer

Distance between geographic features

Answer

Area coverage of polygon features

Answer

Network connectivity between nodes

Question 2

A spatial weights matrix is used to:

Accepted Answer

Define neighborhood relationships between spatial features

Answer

Calculate map scale between coordinate systems

Answer

Convert between geographic projections

Answer

Measure elevation differences across terrain

Question 3

Spatial autocorrelation, as described by Tobler's First Law, means that:

Accepted Answer

Nearby features tend to have more similar attribute values than distant features

Answer

All geographic features are equally related regardless of distance

Answer

GPS accuracy decreases with distance from the equator

Answer

Map scale affects the accuracy of area measurements

Question 4

Which statistic identifies statistically significant spatial clusters of high values (hot spots) and low values (cold spots)?

Accepted Answer

Getis-Ord Gi* statistic

Answer

Pearson's correlation coefficient

Answer

Chi-square goodness-of-fit test

Answer

Standard deviation ellipse

Question 5

The mean center in spatial statistics is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The average of all X and Y coordinates of features in a dataset

Answer

The median point of a feature's spatial distribution

Answer

The center point of the minimum bounding rectangle

Answer

The centroid of the largest polygon in a dataset

Question 6

A positive Moran's I value indicates that the spatial pattern is:

Accepted Answer

Clustered with similar values near each other

Answer

Randomly distributed with no spatial pattern

Answer

Dispersed with dissimilar values near each other

Answer

Uniformly distributed across the study area

Question 7

The standard deviational ellipse tool in GIS is used to:

Accepted Answer

Summarize the directional distribution and dispersion of features around the mean center

Answer

Perform kernel density estimation on point features

Answer

Identify spatial outliers in attribute data

Answer

Calculate the convex hull of a point dataset