GIS - Geographic Information System Spatial Analysis Methods Questions and Answers

Question 1

A city planning department needs to identify all residential parcels that fall partially or wholly within 500 meters of a proposed new landfill site to send out notification letters.
Which sequence of geoprocessing tools is most efficient for this task?

Accepted Answer

Buffer the landfill site by 500 meters, then Intersect the buffer with the parcels layer.

Answer

Create a Union of the landfill and parcels layers, then Buffer the result.

Answer

Erase the parcels layer with the landfill site, then Buffer the remaining parcels.

Answer

Calculate the Near distance from all parcels to the landfill site.

Question 2

An analyst is studying the spatial distribution of crime incidents in a city to identify statistically significant clusters of high-value areas (hot spots) and low-value areas (cold spots). Which spatial statistics tool is specifically designed for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Getis-Ord Gi* (Hot Spot Analysis)

Answer

Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW)

Answer

Global Moran's I

Answer

Kernel Density Estimation

Question 3

A conservation group wants to identify the most suitable areas for reintroducing a species of bear. Their criteria include: areas must be within a national forest, more than 2 kilometers from any major road, and on slopes less than 20 degrees. The analysis will use a land cover raster, a roads vector layer, and a digital elevation model (DEM). What is the most appropriate overall methodology for this analysis?

Accepted Answer

Weighted Overlay / Suitability Modeling

Answer

Network Analysis

Answer

Proximity Analysis using only Buffers

Answer

Geocoding and Address Matching

Question 4

Which of the following overlay operations combines the geometry and attributes of two input vector layers, but only for the areas where the two layers geometrically overlap?

Accepted Answer

Intersect

Answer

Union

Answer

Identity

Answer

Erase

Question 5

A scientist has collected soil moisture readings from a set of discrete sample points scattered across a study area. To create a continuous surface map that predicts soil moisture values for all locations in the area, which type of spatial analysis should be performed?

Accepted Answer

Spatial Interpolation

Answer

Spatial Autocorrelation

Answer

Buffering

Answer

Network Analysis

Question 6

An emergency response agency wants to determine which parts of a city can be reached by an ambulance from a specific hospital within a 5-minute drive time, considering the road network and typical traffic speeds. Which type of spatial analysis is most suitable for this task?

Accepted Answer

Service Area Analysis

Answer

Viewshed Analysis

Answer

Kernel Density Estimation

Answer

Weighted Overlay