Gerontological Nurse Test Nutrition and Hydration in the Elderly 3

Question 1

Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with macrocytic anemia and peripheral neuropathy in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin K

Question 2

Which electrolyte imbalance is the hallmark finding of refeeding syndrome in a severely malnourished older adult?

Accepted Answer

Hypophosphatemia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hypernatremia

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Question 3

What is the recommended daily calcium intake for adults aged 71 and older according to the National Academy of Medicine?

Accepted Answer

1,200 mg/day

Answer

800 mg/day

Answer

1,000 mg/day

Answer

1,500 mg/day

Question 4

Which clinical findings are most characteristic of zinc deficiency in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Impaired wound healing and altered taste

Answer

Hypertension and edema

Answer

Peripheral neuropathy and ataxia

Answer

Hypoglycemia and fatigue

Question 5

A nurse is caring for an older adult receiving continuous enteral tube feeding via a nasogastric tube. Which complication requires the highest priority monitoring?

Accepted Answer

Aspiration pneumonia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 6

Which age-related gastrointestinal change most directly reduces calcium absorption in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Decreased renal activation of vitamin D and reduced intestinal calcium transport

Answer

Increased gastric acid production

Answer

Accelerated gastric emptying

Answer

Enhanced small intestinal motility

Question 7

An older adult presents with confusion, muscle weakness, and a serum sodium of 128 mEq/L. Which dietary/fluid modification is most appropriate for managing dilutional hyponatremia?

Accepted Answer

Fluid restriction

Answer

High-protein diet

Answer

Increased dietary sodium supplementation

Answer

High-fiber diet