Science Test #7 Flashcards

Which type of rock is formed when molten magma cools and solidifies?

Answer: Igneous rock

Igneous rocks form when magma cools and crystallizes, either underground (intrusive) or at the surface after a volcanic eruption (extrusive).

A cell membrane is described as 'selectively permeable.' What does this mean?

Answer: It allows some substances to pass through while restricting others

A selectively permeable membrane regulates which substances can enter and exit the cell, allowing essential molecules like water and oxygen to pass while restricting others.

The Richter scale measures earthquake magnitude. Each whole number increase on the scale represents how much more ground motion?

Answer: 10 times more

The Richter scale is logarithmic, meaning each whole number increase represents 10 times more ground motion amplitude than the previous number.

Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source?

Answer: Wind energy

Wind energy is renewable because it is continuously replenished by natural atmospheric processes, unlike fossil fuels which take millions of years to form.

In a food web, what would most likely happen if all the producers were suddenly removed?

Answer: All consumer populations would eventually decline and collapse

Producers convert solar energy into chemical energy that supports all other trophic levels; removing them eliminates the energy base of the entire food web.

A substance has a pH of 2. How would you classify this substance?

Answer: Strongly acidic

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 being acidic; a pH of 2 indicates a strongly acidic substance.

Which process moves water from the soil into plant roots against the force of gravity?

Answer: Osmosis and capillary action

Water enters roots primarily through osmosis (moving from higher to lower water concentration) and travels upward through narrow xylem vessels via capillary action.